1. What is the history behind Wat Chedi Luang?
Wat Chedi Luang, also known as the Temple of the Great Stupa, is a Buddhist temple located in the historic center of Chiang Mai, Thailand. Its construction began in the 14th century during the reign of King Saen Muang Ma, when it was first built to house the ashes of his father. The temple was originally named Wat Chedi Suwan and was one of the largest structures in ancient Chiang Mai.
The temple underwent several expansions and renovations over the centuries under different rulers. In 1411, King Tilokarat added a viharn (assembly hall) to the temple complex. In 1455, King Tilothe ground work for a large pagoda or chedi at Wat Chedi Luang began under King Na Nuam. However, due to an earthquake in 1545, the structure was left unfinished and remained as such for many years.
In 1991, restoration efforts began on Wat Chedi Luang led by UNESCO’s help. The work involved dismantling and rebuilding parts of the pagoda that had collapsed over time. Today, visitors can see remnants of its past glory with multiple chedis (stupas) and shrines surrounding the main pagoda.
2. What is the significance of Wat Chedi Luang?
Wat Chedi Luang is considered one of the most important temples in northern Thailand and holds great significance for Buddhists around the world. It served as an important religious and political center during its heyday, hosting major ceremonies and receiving royal patronage from various rulers.
The main pagoda or chedi at Wat Chedi Luang is believed to house relics of Lord Buddha brought from Sri Lanka by King Saen Muang Ma’s father. This relic is said to have magical powers and is highly revered by locals and devotees who come to pay their respects.
The temple also holds historical significance as it was once home to the famous Buddhist monk, Phra Kaeo. He is credited with recovering the city of Chiang Mai from Burmese invaders in the 18th century and is believed to have used his supernatural powers to protect the city.
Today, Wat Chedi Luang continues to be an important place of worship and a popular tourist attraction. It is also renowned for its traditional Lanna-style architecture, intricate carvings and sculptures, and beautiful murals depicting scenes from Buddhist mythology.
3. What are some interesting facts about Wat Chedi Luang?
– The main pagoda at Wat Chedi Luang once stood at a height of over 80 meters (262 feet), making it one of the tallest structures in ancient Chiang Mai.
– In addition to its religious significance, Wat Chedi Luang also played an important role in hosting community events such as the annual Songkran festival and monk ordinations.
– The temple was abandoned in the late 19th century and remained partially ruined until restoration efforts began in the early 1990s.
– The temple complex consists of several buildings including an assembly hall, meditation hall, library, monks’ living quarters, and shrines dedicated to various deities.
– A large stone elephant statue stands at the entrance of Wat Chedi Luang, serving as a symbol of strength and power.
– The temple is open daily from 6am to 5pm and entry is free for Thai nationals while foreigners pay a small admission fee. Visitors are required to dress modestly when entering the temple grounds.
– A popular tradition among visitors is to make offerings or purchase gold leaf sheets to place on statues of Buddha for good luck or blessings.
– In addition to being a popular tourist attraction, Wat Chedi Luang continues to serve as an active place of worship for monks and locals who come here daily to pray and make merit.
2. When was Wat Chedi Luang built and by whom?
Wat Chedi Luang was built in 1391 and completed in 1475. It was built by King Saen Muang Ma, the seventh ruler of the Mengrai dynasty of the Lanna Kingdom.
3. What is the significance of the chedi (stupa) at Wat Chedi Luang?
The chedi at Wat Chedi Luang is a significant structure in Buddhism and a symbol of prosperity, hope, and spiritual enlightenment. The word “chedi” means pagoda or stupa in Thai, and it is a common architectural feature in Buddhist temples.
In Buddhism, the chedi represents the final resting place of the remains of the Buddha or other revered saints. Therefore, it is considered a sacred structure and a focal point for meditation and prayer. It also represents the ultimate goal of Buddhists, which is to achieve Nirvana – a state of enlightenment and liberation from suffering.
The construction of the chedi began in the 14th century by King Saen Muang Ma to enshrine the ashes of his father. Over time, different kings added to its height until it reached its current form – 82 meters tall and 54 meters wide. The sheer size and grandeur of the chedi showcase the power and wealth of ancient rulers in Northern Thailand.
The chedi also serves as a reminder of the old Lanna Kingdom’s past glory. It was once considered one of the most important temples in Southeast Asia, housing over 300 monks at its peak during the reigns of King Tilokarat and King Visuddhadev.
Today, the Chedi Luang stands as an iconic landmark in Chiang Mai’s old city, attracting visitors from all over the world to marvel at its impressive structure and learn about its historical significance in Buddhism and Thai culture.
4. How has Wat Chedi Luang been influenced by different cultural and architectural styles over the years?
Wat Chedi Luang is a Buddhist temple located in the heart of Chiang Mai, Thailand. It was constructed in 1391 and has undergone many changes and renovations over the years, resulting in a mixture of different architectural styles and cultural influences.
1. Lanna Style:
The original construction of Wat Chedi Luang was done during the reign of King Saen Muang Ma, the fifth king of the Mangrai dynasty. The temple was built in the traditional Lanna style which is characterized by its elaborate rooflines, ornate carvings, and bright colors. This style is commonly seen in temples across northern Thailand and reflects the local culture and influences of the time.
2. Sukhothai Style:
During the 15th century, King Tilokaraj of Sukhothai took over control of Chiang Mai and made Wat Chedi Luang his royal temple. As a result, the Sukhothai architectural style was incorporated into the existing Lanna design. This can be seen in the main chedi or pagoda which features a bell-shaped structure with rounded dome-like spires.
3. Burmese Influences:
In 1475, Chiang Mai came under Burmese rule for almost two centuries before it regained its independence again. During this time, there were significant cultural exchanges between Thailand and Burma which resulted in several Burmese architectural elements being added to Wat Chedi Luang. This includes intricately carved Naga staircases leading up to the chedi as well as delicate stucco reliefs depicting Buddha’s life story on its walls.
4. Modern Thai Style:
In 1990, restoration works began on Wat Chedi Luang focusing on preserving its historic and cultural significance while also incorporating modern Thai architecture techniques. As a result, new structures such as an ubosot (ordination hall) and viharn (assembly hall) were added in a more contemporary style, blending traditional elements with modern design.
5. Chinese Influence:
In recent years, Chiang Mai has seen an influx of Chinese tourists and residents which has had an impact on the city’s architectural landscape. As a result, some Chinese influences can be observed in Wat Chedi Luang, such as the large statue of the Chinese Goddess of Mercy (Guan Yin) which was donated by the Chinese community to honor King Mengrai.
Overall, Wat Chedi Luang is a prime example of how different cultural and architectural influences have shaped and transformed this temple over hundreds of years, creating a unique blend of styles that reflects the multicultural history of Chiang Mai.
5. Is it possible to go inside the chedi at Wat Chedi Luang?
Yes, it is possible to go inside the chedi at Wat Chedi Luang. Visitors can climb a staircase leading up to a platform where they can view the inner chamber of the chedi and place offerings such as flowers and incense. However, only monks are allowed to enter the actual inner chamber of the chedi.
6. Can you see any remnants of the elephant statues that used to guard the chedi at Wat Chedi Luang?
Yes, you can still see remnants of the elephant statues at Wat Chedi Luang. These include a few partially intact elephant figures with their trunks facing upwards, located near the base of the chedi. Additionally, there are several stone elephant heads scattered throughout the temple grounds. Some of these have been restored or replaced with modern replicas, while others show signs of weathering and damage.
7. How did the earthquake in 1545 impact Wat Chedi Luang and its structure?
The earthquake in 1545 severely damaged Wat Chedi Luang, causing the top section of the chedi to collapse. This resulted in significant reconstruction efforts over the years, with the chedi eventually being restored to its current height in the early 1900s. The impact of the earthquake can still be seen on the chedi’s structure today, as some sections appear more worn and weathered than others due to the damage sustained from the earthquake.
8. What restoration efforts have been made at Wat Chedi Luang over time?
Wat Chedi Luang, also known as the “Temple of the Great Stupa,” is a historic Buddhist temple located in Chiang Mai, Thailand. It was built in the 14th century and has gone through various periods of destruction and restoration over its long history.
1. Original Construction: The temple was commissioned by King Saen Muang Ma, the seventh ruler of the Mengrai Dynasty, who wanted to house a relic of the Buddha. It took several decades to complete and was originally 82 meters tall with a base diameter of 54 meters.
2. Earthquakes: In 1545, an earthquake caused extensive damage to the structure, reducing it to a height of around 60 meters. Another earthquake in 1755 further damaged the chedi and caused its top to collapse.
3. Restoration under King Tilokaraj: In 1441, King Tilokaraj funded a partial restoration of Wat Chedi Luang, including rebuilding part of the top section which collapsed during the previous earthquake.
4. Abandonment: After the Burmese invasion in 1557, many temples including Wat Chedi Luang were abandoned and fell into disrepair.
5. Restoration under King Kawila: In the late 18th century, after reclaiming Chiang Mai from Burma, King Kawila initiated major reconstruction efforts at Wat Chedi Luang. He reduced its height and added five pagodas around its base.
6. Damage during World War II: In an effort to prevent it from being used as a Japanese observation post during World War II, allied forces bombed Wat Chedi Luang causing significant damage.
7.National restoration project: In 1990, with support from UNESCO and various organizations, a major restoration project began on Wat Chedi Luang led by architect Bangkok Rachamanuwatana,. It aimed to restore the chedi’s original height and shape, as well as preserve its historic value.
8. Ongoing maintenance and preservation: To maintain the temple’s condition, ongoing maintenance and preservation efforts are still being carried out by government agencies and local Buddhist communities. This includes regular repair work and conservation of the stucco-covered elephants surrounding the base of the chedi.
Today, Wat Chedi Luang stands at a height of 60 meters and is a popular tourist attraction in Chiang Mai. It is also an active place of worship for locals, who continue to make offerings and perform ceremonies at the temple.
9. Are there any special festivals or events held at Wat Chedi Luang throughout the year?
Yes, the most notable festival held at Wat Chedi Luang is the annual Buddhist lent celebration, also known as Khao Phansa in Thai. This festival usually happens during the rainy season, specifically on the first day of the waning moon of the eighth lunar month (usually in July). During this festival, monks retreat to their temples for a period of three months and focus on meditation and religious activities. Visitors can witness colorful processions and participate in traditional rituals during this time. Other events and ceremonies may also take place throughout the year at Wat Chedi Luang, so it is best to check with the temple directly for more information.
10. Is there an entrance fee to visit Wat Chedi Luang?
No, there is no entrance fee to visit Wat Chedi Luang. However, donations are greatly appreciated to help with the upkeep and maintenance of the temple.
11. Can visitors climb up to the top of the chedi for views of Chiang Mai’s skyline?
It depends on the specific chedi and its regulations. Some chedis may have stairs or an elevator for visitors to reach the top for views, while others may restrict access to certain areas for safety reasons. It is best to check with each individual chedi before planning a visit.
12. Are there any interesting legends or stories associated with Wat Chedi Luang?
The most famous legend associated with Wat Chedi Luang is that of the Emerald Buddha. According to the legend, in 1436, King Sam Fang Kaen of the Mangrai Dynasty ordered the construction of a giant chedi to enshrine the Emerald Buddha, which was believed to have been discovered in a stupa in Chiang Rai. However, after it was completed, lightning struck the chedi and it partially collapsed. This was seen as a bad omen, and the Emerald Buddha was moved to its current location in Wat Phra Kaew in Bangkok.Another legend says that during construction of the chedi, a man named Pa Kaeo appeared and offered his services as an expert on building chedis. He had mystical powers that allowed him to place each brick perfectly without any support or mortar. Some believe he was a manifestation of Phaya Kaew Morakot (the Green Serpent deity), while others think he may have been King Mengrai himself who wanted to oversee the construction in disguise.
There is also a famous ghost story associated with Wat Chedi Luang called “Nang Nopphamas: The Ghost Who Guards Wat Chedi Luang”. As the story goes, Nang Nopphamas was a beautiful woman who lived during the reign of King Sam Fang Kaen. She fell madly in love with an ambassador from Ayutthaya and they planned to elope on her wedding day. However, her marriage was arranged by her father and she felt obligated to fulfill her duty.
On her wedding day, she ran away from her wedding procession and climbed up to the top of Wat Chedi Luang’s main tower where she jumped off and died. It is said that since then her ghost has been guarding Wat Chedi Luang and can be seen wandering around at night searching for her lost love.
Today, visitors can see a statue depicting Nang Nopphamas at the entrance to the main tower, and some believe that offering flowers and incense to her can bring good luck.
13. What architectural features make Wat Chedi Luang unique among other temples in Thailand?
1. Large chedi (stupa): Wat Chedi Luang’s main attraction is its large chedi, or stupa, that stands at over 80 meters tall. This makes it one of the tallest structures in Chiang Mai.
2. Intricate design: The chedi’s design is a mix of Lanna and classic Thai styles with intricate carvings and decorative elements. It also features an octagonal base and a square-shaped spire.
3. Ancient inscriptions: The lower part of the chedi contains stone inscriptions with historical information about the temple and its construction, providing valuable insights into the history of Chiang Mai.
4. Elephant statues: Four elephant statues guard each side of the stairway leading up to the chedi. These unique and lifelike sculptures add to the temple’s grandeur.
5. Naga staircases: The staircase leading up to the chedi is flanked by impressive naga (mythical serpents) balustrades, adding a touch of mystique to the temple.
6. Ordination hall: The ordination hall, or sim, dates back to 1928 and features ornate gilded pillars and carved wooden doors depicting mythical creatures.
7. Emerald Buddha replica: Inside the ordination hall sits a replica of Thailand’s famous Emerald Buddha statue, which was housed at Wat Chedi Luang for over 200 years before being moved to Bangkok.
8. Pillar shrine: Atop the eastern platform of the temple grounds stands a small shrine with four stone pillars believed to house ancestral spirits.
9. Stone guardians: Two stone guardian lions stand at each entrance to Wat Chedi Luang, symbolizing protection and strength.
10. Ubosot ruins: The remains of an old ubosot (ordination hall) can be found on the grounds, showcasing ancient examples of Lanna architecture and artwork.
11. Kew Lom Chedi: Located in the northwest corner of the temple grounds, this smaller chedi is adorned with gold-leaf-covered figures of Buddha and demons.
12. Monk’s residence: Behind the ubosot lies a monk’s residential area, featuring traditional wooden buildings and peaceful gardens.
13. City pillar shrine: A city pillar shrine, or lak muang, can be found at Wat Chedi Luang’s entrance. This sacred structure serves as the spiritual center for the city and is said to protect it from harm.
14. What other structures can be found within the temple complex of Wat Chedi Luang besides the main chedi?
– Ubosot (ordination hall): a large hall where Buddhist monks gather for important ceremonies and rituals.
– Viharn (assembly hall): a spacious building used for religious teachings, chanting, and meditation.
– Wihan Luang: another assembly hall located behind the viharn, used for housing statues of Buddha.
– City Pillar Shrine: a shrine dedicated to the city’s guardian deity, usually located near the entrance of the temple complex.
– Ho Trai (library): a small building used for storing sacred scriptures and religious texts.
– Sala Kan Parian (preaching hall): a platform or pavilion where monks give sermons and teachings on Buddhism.
– Chedi Kaew (crystal pagoda): a smaller chedi made entirely of green glass.
– Bodhi tree: considered sacred in Buddhism, this tree is believed to have been grown from a cutting of the original Bodhi tree under which Buddha attained enlightenment.
15. Are there any important religious artifacts or relics housed within Wat Chedi Luang?
Wat Chedi Luang is home to several important religious artifacts and relics, including:
1. The Emerald Buddha: This small but highly revered statue of the Buddha in a seated position is made of jade or jasper and is believed to have been created in India around 43 BC. It was originally housed at Wat Phra Kaew in Chiang Rai, before being moved to Wat Chedi Luang in 1475.
2. The Three Kings’ Relic Pagoda: This pagoda contains relics of three Thai kings – King Saen Muang Ma, King Tilokarat, and King Na Naon. These kings were instrumental in the construction and restoration of the chedi (pagoda) at Wat Chedi Luang.
3. The Phra Jao Thongtip Relic Chamber: This chamber houses various relics belonging to different Buddhas, including a relic from the historical Buddha himself.
4. The City Pillar Shrine: In accordance with Buddhist tradition, Wat Chedi Luang has a city pillar shrine on its grounds dedicated to the guardian spirits of the city.
5. Vipassana Meditation Hall: Located within the temple complex, this hall houses relics from famous meditation masters from Thailand’s Buddhist history.
6. Mahamuni Buddha Image: This bronze statue depicts a seated Buddha in a posture that resembles that of the Shiva Lingam, integrating elements of Hinduism and Buddhism.
7. Library-Museum: The library-museum at Wat Chedi Luang contains ancient scriptures and artworks as well as important historical documents related to Buddhism.
These artifacts and relics are considered sacred by believers and are an important part of the cultural and religious heritage of Thailand.
16. How long does it take to fully explore all of Wat Chedi Luang’s sights and grounds?
The amount of time needed to fully explore all of Wat Chedi Luang’s sights and grounds may vary depending on individual pace and interest. On average, it could take between 1-2 hours to explore the main temple area, including the chedi and other structures. However, if one wishes to also visit the smaller temples and monuments within the complex, it may take an additional 1-2 hours or more.
17. Are there any guided tours available at watChedisLuang for a more in-depth understanding of its history and significance?
Yes, there are guided tours available at Wat Chedi Luang for visitors who want a more in-depth understanding of its history and significance. These tours can be arranged through the temple or through local tour companies. They usually last around 1-2 hours and are led by knowledgeable guides who will explain the architecture, art, and rituals of the temple complex. Some tours may also include a visit to nearby temples or historical sites related to Wat Chedi Luang. Visitors can inquire about these tours at the temple information desk or through their accommodation.
18.Are there any nearby attractions or landmarks that are worth visiting after seeingWatChedisLuang?
Yes, some nearby attractions and landmarks that are worth visiting after seeing Wat Chedi Luang are:
1. Tha Pae Gate: This is an iconic city gate located just a short distance from Wat Chedi Luang. It is one of the few remaining gates in the city’s ancient walls and offers a glimpse into Chiang Mai’s history.
2. Three Kings Monument: This larger-than-life statue of three kings who founded Chiang Mai is another popular landmark located within walking distance from Wat Chedi Luang.
3. Wat Phra Singh: This stunning temple complex is only a 10-minute walk from Wat Chedi Luang and offers beautiful architecture, intricate decorations, and Buddhist relics.
4. Kad Suan Kaew Shopping Center: For those looking to do some shopping, this modern mall features various stores, restaurants, and entertainment options just a short drive from Wat Chedi Luang.
5. Chang Puak Market: Located just outside Chang Phuak Gate, this bustling night market is a great place to sample local food and purchase souvenirs for friends and family back home.
6.Wat Umong: A tranquil forest temple with underground tunnels and meditation caves, perfect for those seeking peace and quiet after visiting the busy Wat Chedi Luang.
7. Doi Suthep-Pui National Park: Just a short drive from the old city, this national park offers stunning views of the city and is home to several waterfalls, hiking trails, and other natural attractions.
19.How does one get to watChedisLuangfrom popular tourist areas inChiang Mai, such as the Night Bazaar or Tha Pae Gate?
There are several ways to get to Wat Chedi Luang from popular tourist areas in Chiang Mai:
1. Tuk-tuk: One of the most common and convenient ways to get around Chiang Mai is by tuk-tuk. You can easily find tuk-tuks near the Night Bazaar or Tha Pae Gate. Just negotiate a price with the driver and they will take you directly to Wat Chedi Luang.
2. Songthaew: Another popular mode of transportation in Chiang Mai is the songthaew, which is a small red truck. You can find songthaews at designated stops near the Night Bazaar and Tha Pae Gate. They operate on fixed routes and fares are generally lower than tuk-tuks.
3. Grab or taxi: You can also use ride-sharing apps like Grab or hire a taxi to take you to Wat Chedi Luang from your location.
4. Walking: If you are staying near the Night Bazaar or Tha Pae Gate, it is possible to walk to Wat Chedi Luang as it is only about 1-1.5 kilometers away.
5. Bicycle or motorbike rental: Renting a bicycle or motorbike is another popular option for getting around in Chiang Mai. Many shops offer daily rentals and you can easily navigate your way to Wat Chedi Luang using Google Maps.
Whichever mode of transportation you choose, make sure to negotiate prices beforehand if needed and ensure that the driver knows your destination before getting in the vehicle.
20. Are there any restrictions or rules that visitors should be aware of before visiting Wat Chedi Luang?
1. Dress Code: Visitors are expected to dress modestly, covering their shoulders and legs up to the knees. Revealing clothing such as shorts, sleeveless tops, and short skirts are not allowed.
2. No Shoes Allowed: Shoes should be removed before entering any of the temple buildings. It is a sign of respect and also helps keep the area clean.
3. Proper Behavior: Visitors are expected to behave respectfully within the temple grounds. Loud noises, disruptive behavior, or showing disrespect to the Buddha images are not allowed.
4. No Smoking or Alcohol: The use of tobacco products and alcohol is strictly prohibited inside the temple complex.
5. Photography: While it is allowed to take photos in most areas of the temple, visitors should avoid taking photos of monks without their permission and refrain from using flash photography inside temple buildings.
6. Do Not Touch Buddha Images: Visitors should not touch or climb on Buddha images as this is considered highly disrespectful in Buddhism.
7. Respect for Monks: Monks are highly respected in Thailand, and visitors should show them proper respect by keeping a distance and avoiding physical contact with them.
8. Mindful of Your Surroundings: Wat Chedi Luang is an active monastery with many monks living and studying on the premises. Visitors should be mindful of their surroundings and avoid disturbing their daily activities.
9. No Food or Drinks Allowed: Consumption of food or drinks (except water) inside the temple grounds is not allowed out of respect for religious practices.
10. Silence and Quietness: Visitors are requested to maintain a quiet demeanor within the temple complex out of respect for those who are meditating or praying.