1. What is the significance of Kalutara in Sri Lanka’s history?
Kalutara, located in the southwestern coast of Sri Lanka, holds great significance in the country’s history. It was an important trading port during ancient times and has been mentioned in various historical records including the Mahavamsa, a chronicle of Sri Lankan history. Kalutara is also known for its Buddhist heritage, being home to the famous Gangatilaka Temple and its iconic hollow stupa. In addition, the town played a significant role in Sri Lanka’s colonial period, being occupied by the Portuguese, Dutch, and British at different times. Today, Kalutara remains a popular tourist destination with its beautiful beaches and rich cultural heritage.
2. Tell me about the famous Kalutara Bodhiya and its history.
The Kalutara Bodhiya, also known as the Sri Abyesundara Nayaka Bodhiya, is a sacred Buddhist site located in Kalutara, Sri Lanka. The main attraction of this temple is a sacred Bo tree (Bodhi tree) which is believed to have been grown from a sapling of the original Bodhi tree in India under which Buddha attained enlightenment.
The history of the Kalutara Bodhiya dates back to over 2,000 years ago when Buddhism was first introduced to Sri Lanka. It is said that during the reign of King Devanampiyatissa (250-210 BCE), who was a devout Buddhist himself, a branch of the original Bodhi tree was brought to Sri Lanka and planted on this site. This branch was gifted by Emperor Asoka of India who wanted to spread Buddhism beyond his borders.
Over the centuries, the Kalutara Bodhiya has been venerated and protected by various kings and rulers. It has survived numerous invasions and natural disasters, making it one of the oldest surviving trees in Sri Lanka.
Today, the Kalutara Bodhiya continues to be an important pilgrimage site for Buddhists from all over the world. The temple complex also includes various other shrines, giant statues of Buddha and intricate artwork depicting stories from Buddhist scriptures.
Visitors can also participate in rituals such as offering prayers and lighting oil lamps at this sacred site. It is believed that doing so can bring blessings and fulfill wishes.
In addition to its religious significance, the Kalutara Bodhiya holds great cultural importance for Sri Lankans. It serves as a symbol of national pride and unity among people from different backgrounds who come together to pay their respects at this holy place.
3. Can you recommend any must-visit historical landmarks in Kalutara?
Some must-visit historical landmarks in Kalutara include the Kalutara Bodhiya, Richmond Castle, and the Kalutara Fort.
4. How did the Kalutara Fort play a role in protecting the area during colonial times?
The Kalutara Fort was originally built by the Portuguese in the 16th century and later fortified by the Dutch in the 17th century. It served as a strategic stronghold to protect the area from foreign invasions during colonial times. The fort was strategically located at the mouth of the Kalu River, providing a vantage point for monitoring incoming ships and potential attacks. It also served as a trading post for spices and other goods, contributing to its economic significance. Furthermore, the thick walls and canons within the fort offered protection against land and sea attacks, making it a formidable defense structure. Overall, the Kalutara Fort played an important role in safeguarding the area from external threats during colonial times.
5. Are there any notable temples or shrines with historical significance in Kalutara?
Yes, there are several temples and shrines in Kalutara that hold great historical significance. One such landmark is the Kalutara Bodhiya, a sacred Buddhist temple that is believed to have been consecrated with a sapling from the historical Sri Maha Bodhi in Anuradhapura, making it one of the 32 saplings planted around Sri Lanka during the reign of King Devanampiyatissa in the 3rd century BC. Another notable shrine is the Kande Vihara Temple, which houses a tooth relic of the Buddha and has a history dating back to the 18th century. The Palathota Raja Maha Viharaya and Gangatilake Stupa are also significant sites for Buddhists, with their own fascinating stories and traditions. Additionally, there are Hindu places of worship such as the Kalutara Vidyalankara Pirivena Kovil and Murugan Temple that hold cultural and historical importance for their respective communities.
6. What is the story behind the Aluthgama-Kalutara Dutch Canal?
The Aluthgama-Kalutara Dutch Canal is a historic waterway located in Sri Lanka. It was constructed by the Dutch during their colonial rule in the 17th century. The canal stretches for about 14 km and connects the towns of Aluthgama and Kalutara.
The main purpose of building this canal was to provide a means for transportation of goods from the inland areas to the coastal regions. The Dutch used it primarily for transporting cinnamon, which was one of Sri Lanka’s major exports at that time.
According to historical records, the construction of the canal took place under the orders of Dutch Governor Gerard Hulft in 1667. It utilized local laborers who manually dug out the canal using primitive tools such as spades and shovels.
Over time, the Aluthgama-Kalutara Dutch Canal also served as a means of irrigation for paddy fields and other agricultural lands along its banks. It also played a strategic role during times of war, as it allowed for quick transportation of troops and supplies between the two towns.
Today, the canal is no longer used for commercial purposes but has become a popular tourist attraction, offering boat rides along its picturesque route. It stands as a testament to Sri Lanka’s colonial past and serves as an important reminder of its history.
7. Can you tell me more about Richmond Castle and its architecture?
Yes, Richmond Castle is a medieval fortress located in North Yorkshire, England. It was originally built in the 11th century by Alan Rufus, the nephew of William the Conqueror, to defend against Scottish raids. The castle underwent numerous additions and renovations over the years, resulting in a blend of Norman and Gothic architecture. Its most distinctive feature is its large keep, known as the Great Tower, which stands at over 100 feet tall and is one of the best-preserved examples of its kind in Britain. Other notable architectural elements include the outer curtain wall and numerous towers and battlements.
8. How does visiting Gangatilaka Vihara provide a glimpse into Sri Lanka’s ancient past?
Visiting Gangatilaka Vihara allows one to see the architectural and artistic elements of Sri Lanka’s ancient Buddhist temples, providing a glimpse into the country’s rich cultural and religious history. Additionally, the temple houses important relics and artifacts from ancient times, giving insight into the beliefs and practices of early Sri Lankan civilizations. Overall, touring Gangatilaka Vihara offers a firsthand experience of how the country’s past has influenced its present culture and traditions.
9. Tell me about the Monastery and Stupa at Pomparippu.
The Monastery and Stupa at Pomparippu are ancient Buddhist religious sites located in Sri Lanka. The Monastery is believed to have been built during the 2nd century BCE by King Devanampiya Tissa, while the Stupa is thought to have been constructed during the 3rd century BCE. Both structures were part of a larger monastic complex and were centers of religious and cultural life in the region.
The Monastery features intricate stone carvings and remains of meditation chambers, lecture halls, and living quarters for monks. It was also a place for pilgrims to visit and meditate. The Stupa, on the other hand, is a large hemispherical structure that enshrines relics of the Buddha or other prominent monks. It is surrounded by smaller stupas, shrines, and stone pillars with inscriptions.
These sites have undergone restoration and conservation efforts over the years, making them popular tourist attractions. They provide insight into the rich history of Buddhism in Sri Lanka and attract devotees from all over the world who come to pay their respects.
Overall, the Monastery and Stupa at Pomparippu hold great significance in Buddhist culture and continue to be important spiritual landmarks today.
10. Is there a popular pilgrimage site for both Buddhists and Hindus near Kalutara?
Yes, there is a popular pilgrimage site for both Buddhists and Hindus near Kalutara called Kalutara Bodhiya.
11. Explain how walking on the Bentota Bridge connects to Sri Lanka’s railway history.
Walking on the Bentota Bridge connects to Sri Lanka’s railway history because the bridge is an important aspect of the country’s railway infrastructure. It was built in the early 1900s during the British colonial era as part of a larger project to expand and modernize Sri Lanka’s railway network. The bridge spans over the Bentota River, providing a vital link between coastal towns and cities along the railway line. This helped to improve transportation and trade within Sri Lanka and establish it as a major player in South Asia’s railway industry. Walking on the Bentota Bridge allows one to experience firsthand the legacy of Sri Lanka’s early railway development and its significant role in shaping the country’s economy and society.
12. What makes Pahiyangala Caves a unique historical site in Kalutara?
Pahiyangala Caves are considered a unique historical site in Kalutara because they hold evidence of human occupation dating back to over 37,000 years. This makes them one of the oldest known inhabited caves in South Asia. Additionally, the cave system has revealed numerous artifacts and fossils that provide insights into the ancient lifestyles and cultural practices of early humans in this region. It is also believed to have been used as a shelter by prehistoric tribes and later served as a meditation space for Buddhist monks. The natural rock formations and stunning interior of the caves make it a significant archaeological site and tourist attraction in Sri Lanka.
13. Are there any guided tours available for exploring Kalutara’s historical landmarks?
Yes, there are guided tours available for exploring Kalutara’s historical landmarks. These tours typically include visits to popular attractions such as the Kalutara Bodhiya, Richmond Castle, and the Kalutara Vihara. They can be booked through local tour companies or arranged through hotels and resorts in the area.
14. What is unique about Taprobane Island and its relationship to Sri Lanka’s past civilizations?
One unique aspect of Taprobane Island is that it is mentioned in ancient Greek and Roman texts as a place known for its pearls and exotic animals. Additionally, the island has been inhabited by various past civilizations, such as the Sinhalese, Tamil, and British, leaving behind traces of their cultures and influence. This diverse history adds to its uniqueness and significance in Sri Lanka’s past civilizations.
15. Can you suggest some scenic spots or viewpoints for breathtaking sightseeing around Kalutara?
Yes, I can suggest some scenic spots or viewpoints for breathtaking sightseeing around Kalutara:
– Pahiyangala Caves: located in Bulathsinhala, these ancient caves offer stunning views of the surrounding countryside.
– Richmond Castle: a beautiful colonial mansion with manicured gardens and views of the Kalu River.
– Ruwanwella Adisham Bungalow: a British tea plantation bungalow that now serves as a stunning guesthouse with sweeping mountain views.
– Kukuleganga River: take a boat ride along this picturesque river to see cascading waterfalls and lush greenery.
– Asokandawala Forest Reserve: trek through this scenic forest reserve and discover hidden waterfalls and panoramic views of the valley below.
– Beruwala Lighthouse: climb to the top of this historic lighthouse for expansive ocean views.
– Kande Vihara Temple: located on a hilltop, this temple offers stunning views of the entire Kalutara town and surrounding areas.
16. How does visiting Fa Hien Cave reveal information about early human settlements in Sri Lanka?
Visiting Fa Hien Cave allows researchers and anthropologists to study the cave’s geological features, archaeological findings, and artifacts left behind by early human inhabitants. This information can then be used to understand the lifestyles, behaviors, and adaptations of these ancient communities in Sri Lanka. Additionally, the cave also provides insights into the natural resources and environmental conditions that may have influenced the development of early human settlements in this region. By analyzing the evidence found at Fa Hien Cave, we can gain a better understanding of the origins and cultural practices of early Sri Lankan societies.
17.Ples tell me more about Avissawella Railway Station, which has been operating since 1869.
The Avissawella Railway Station is a historic railway station located in the town of Avissawella, Sri Lanka. It has been operating since 1869, making it over 150 years old. The station serves as an important transportation hub, connecting Avissawella to other major cities and towns in the country.
The station is situated on the Kelani Valley Line, which runs from Colombo Fort to Yatiyantota. It is managed by Sri Lanka Railways and is considered one of the busiest stations on the line due to its strategic location.
Over the years, the Avissawella Railway Station has undergone several renovations and upgrades to keep up with modern standards while retaining its traditional charm. Today, it features modern facilities such as ticket counters, waiting areas, restrooms, and snack shops for travelers.
The surrounding area of the station is also bustling with various businesses such as local markets, shops, and restaurants. This makes it a convenient stop for both locals and tourists who are passing through or visiting Avissawella.
Moreover, the train ride from Avissawella Station offers scenic views of lush greenery and paddy fields along with glimpses of small towns and villages. It is also a popular mode of transportation for commuters traveling to Colombo for work or leisure.
In conclusion, the Avissawella Railway Station holds significant historical and cultural importance in Sri Lanka’s transportation system. As one of the oldest operating railway stations in the country, it continues to play a vital role in connecting people from different parts of Sri Lanka.
18.How did Galpatha Temple come to be known as “The Temple of Miracles”?
Galpatha Temple came to be known as “The Temple of Miracles” due to the many miraculous events and experiences that were reported by devotees who visited the temple. These included healings, answered prayers, and other extraordinary occurrences that were attributed to the power and blessing of the deity worshipped at the temple. Over time, word spread about these miracles, leading to the popular nickname for the Galpatha Temple.
19.Why is Kande Viharaya considered an important cultural landmark in Kalutara?
Kande Viharaya is considered an important cultural landmark in Kalutara because it is a renowned Buddhist temple that holds significant historical and religious significance. It was built in the 1800s and contains ancient statues, paintings, and artifacts that reflect the rich cultural heritage of Sri Lanka. The temple also serves as a pilgrimage site for Buddhists and attracts visitors from all over the world, making it an important center for spiritual and cultural learning. Additionally, Kande Viharaya hosts various cultural events and rituals throughout the year, further solidifying its importance as a cultural hub in Kalutara.
20.What can visitors expect to see at Ranchagoda Maharamaya, one of the oldest Buddhist temples in Sri Lanka?
Visitors can expect to see a large stupa, intricate carvings and paintings depicting the life of Buddha, several meditation halls and shrines, ancient relics and artifacts, as well as monks performing religious rituals and ceremonies.