1. What are the main cultural attractions in and around Kandy?
The main cultural attractions in and around Kandy include the Temple of the Tooth, one of the most sacred Buddhist sites in Sri Lanka, the Royal Botanical Gardens, which showcase over 4000 species of plants, and the Esala Perahera festival, a vibrant parade honoring the Sacred Tooth Relic. Other notable attractions include the Kandy Lake, Bahirawakanda Vihara Buddha Statue, and the Udawattakele Forest Reserve.
2. How did Kandyan culture differ from the rest of Sri Lanka?
Kandyan culture differed from the rest of Sri Lanka in several ways. Firstly, it was heavily influenced by Buddhist traditions and rituals, as the Kandy kingdom was considered the last stronghold of Buddhism in Sri Lanka. This can be seen in their customs, beliefs, and practices.Additionally, Kandyan culture had a distinct style of dress and architecture. The traditional attire for men included a long sarong-like garment called the “dawala” and a shirt with long sleeves called the “liya vela.” Women typically wore a long wraparound skirt called the “redda” and a blouse called the “hisa.”
In terms of food, Kandyan cuisine differed from the rest of Sri Lanka with unique dishes such as konda kevum (oil cakes) and mung pani pol (sweet porridge made with coconut milk).
Moreover, Kandyans also had their own language dialect known as “Sinhala-Malay,” which combined elements of Sinhala and Tamil with Arabic and Malay influences.
Overall, Kandyan culture had its own distinct identity shaped by its geographical isolation from other parts of Sri Lanka and its rich history as a kingdom.
3. What role does Buddhism play in traditional Kandyan culture?
Buddhism has been a major influence on traditional Kandyan culture for centuries. It is the predominant religion in Kandy, the last capital of the ancient Sinhalese kingdom, and has shaped many aspects of daily life and cultural practices. Buddhist teachings and rituals are deeply ingrained in the beliefs and traditions of the Kandyan people, influencing everything from art and architecture to social norms and values.
One aspect that reflects the strong influence of Buddhism in Kandyan culture is the widespread practice of giving alms to Buddhist monks. This act of charity is seen as a way to accumulate merit and good karma, which are important principles in Buddhism. Many locals also participate in religious events such as full moon poya days and other ceremonies at temples, where they pay homage to Buddha through offerings, prayers, and meditation.
Traditional dances such as Kandyan dance also have strong ties to Buddhism. These dances often portray stories from Buddhist scriptures and are performed during religious festivals or ceremonies. The use of drums, costumes, and masks in these dances symbolizes aspects of Buddhism such as good triumphing over evil.
In addition, many customs related to marriage, childbirth, and death have roots in Buddhist beliefs. For example, couples often seek blessings from monks before getting married, expectant mothers follow certain rituals for protection during pregnancy based on Buddhist teachings, and funerals involve elaborate rites based on Buddhist funeral customs.
Overall, Buddhism plays a significant role in shaping traditional Kandyan culture by providing a moral framework for personal conduct, inspiring artistic expressions, and binding communities together through shared beliefs and practices.
4. Are there any specific festivals or events in Kandy that showcase the local culture?
Yes, there are several festivals and events in Kandy that showcase the local culture. The Esala Perahera is a grand festival held to honor the Sacred Tooth Relic of Buddha and is considered one of the most important Buddhist festivals in Sri Lanka. It includes colorful processions, traditional dancers, and fire performances. The Kandy Perehera is another cultural event that takes place in August, featuring decorated elephants, drummers, and dancers from different regions of the country. Other festivals such as the National Festival of Cooperative Products and Kandy Food Festival also highlight local traditions and cuisine.
5. Can you tell us about the traditional dances and music of Kandy?
Yes, I can tell you about the traditional dances and music of Kandy. Kandy is a city in Sri Lanka known for its rich cultural heritage, including their traditional dances and music. The most famous dance form in Kandy is called “Kandyan dancing,” which originated from the ancient royal courts of Kandy. It is characterized by rhythmic movements, elaborate costumes, and intricate footwork.
Other traditional dances of Kandy include the “Ves” dance, performed by dancers in elaborate masks and costumes depicting various animals and demons, and the “Udarata Natum,” a lively dance showcasing the culture and lifestyle of hill-country people.
The music accompanying these dances is usually played on traditional percussion instruments such as drums and cymbals. The main instrument used is the Geta Bera, a type of double-headed drum that produces a deep sound.
These traditional dances and music are often performed at festivals, weddings, and other cultural events in Kandy to preserve and showcase their rich heritage.
6. Where is the best place to learn about Kandyan handicrafts and traditional arts?
The best place to learn about Kandyan handicrafts and traditional arts is at the National Crafts Council in Kandy, Sri Lanka.
7. How has colonial influence impacted Kandyan culture?
Colonial influence has greatly impacted Kandyan culture in many ways. The most significant impact can be seen in the transformation of their traditional social and political structures under British rule. The British colonizers imposed their own legal, educational, and administrative systems on the Kandyan society, leading to a decline in traditional practices and customs.
In addition, the introduction of Christianity by the colonizers also had a significant impact on Kandyan culture. Many individuals converted to Christianity and adopted western beliefs and practices, which changed the religious landscape of the region.
The economic structure of Kandyan society also underwent major changes due to colonial influence. The British introduced cash crops such as tea and coffee, which led to land alienation and displacement of indigenous communities. This had a lasting impact on Kandyan agriculture and economy.
Furthermore, colonial influence also brought about changes in language, literature, and art forms in Kandy. The English language became more prevalent among the educated elite, leading to a decline in the use of native languages such as Sinhala or Tamil.
Overall, colonial rule has heavily impacted various aspects of Kandyan culture, leading to significant transformations that are still evident today.
8. What kinds of traditional food can be found in and around Kandy?
Some examples of traditional food that can be found in and around Kandy include rice and curry dishes, roti, string hoppers, hoppers, kottu roti, and various types of seafood such as fish and prawns. Additionally, dishes with a mix of Indian and Sri Lankan influences like biryani and samosas can also be found in this region. Traditional sweets like milk toffee, kokis, and Kandyan dancing delicacies such as dodol are also popular in Kandy.
9. Can you recommend any authentic cultural experiences for visitors to participate in?
Yes, I can recommend several authentic cultural experiences for visitors to participate in. Some suggestions include attending a traditional music or dance performance, visiting local markets and trying regional cuisine, joining a guided cultural tour, participating in a craft or cooking workshop hosted by locals, and engaging with indigenous communities through community-based tourism initiatives. It is also recommended to research and respect any cultural customs or traditions before participating in these experiences.
10. How have modernization and tourism affected traditional ways of life in Kandy?
Modernization and tourism have greatly impacted traditional ways of life in Kandy. With the rise of technology and globalization, traditional practices and customs are often replaced with more modern lifestyles. In Kandy, the influx of tourists has also brought in changes to the local economy and social dynamics which have further altered traditional ways of life. Proponents argue that this has led to progress and development, while others argue that it has led to cultural erosion and loss of identity. Nevertheless, it is clear that modernization and tourism have significantly influenced the traditional way of life in Kandy.
11. Is there a specific dress code or etiquette to be aware of when visiting cultural sites in Kandy?
Yes, there is a specific dress code and etiquette to follow when visiting cultural sites in Kandy. As a sign of respect, visitors are expected to dress modestly and cover their shoulders and knees. In addition, it is courteous to remove your shoes when entering temples or sacred areas. It is also important to be mindful of any rules or regulations set by the site, such as no photography or quiet zones. Being respectful and aware of local customs will help ensure a positive experience at these cultural sites in Kandy.
12. Are there any important historical sites or landmarks that reflect the city’s cultural heritage?
Yes, there are several important historical sites and landmarks that reflect the city’s cultural heritage. Some examples include ancient ruins, historical buildings or monuments, religious sites, or other significant locations that hold cultural significance to the community. These places often tell stories of the city’s past and how it has shaped its present identity. They also serve as important tourist attractions and help preserve the city’s history and traditions for future generations.
13. Can you share any interesting stories or myths related to Kandyan culture?
Yes, there are many interesting stories and myths related to Kandyan culture. One popular myth is the story of the origin of the Temple of the Tooth, also known as Sri Dalada Maligawa. It is said that after Prince Siddhartha attained enlightenment and became Buddha, his left canine tooth was retrieved from his funeral pyre by a disciple, Khema. The tooth was then brought to Sri Lanka hidden in the hair of Princess Hemamala, who traveled all the way from India to protect it from being taken by her father’s enemies. The tooth was then enshrined in a stupa in Anuradhapura before being moved to its current location in Kandy during the reign of King Vimaladharmasuriya I.
Another interesting story is about Queen Viharamaha Devi, who is considered to be a symbol of fertility and protection for women in Kandyan tradition. According to legend, she was born from a lotus flower and was adopted by King Kelani Tissa as his daughter. She later married King Kavantissa and became the mother of King Dutugemunu, who defeated the South Indian invader Elara and united Sri Lanka into one kingdom.
There are also many folk tales and legends that showcase traditional beliefs and values in Kandyan culture, such as the story of Maha Kolongode Vipa Harina Wijaya Raja Perumal (an elephant who outsmarted humans) or Nari Kalawa (a demon that protects crops). These stories have been passed down through generations and continue to be incorporated into modern-day cultural practices and celebrations.
14. How do locals preserve and pass down their cultural traditions to younger generations?
There are several ways that locals can preserve and pass down their cultural traditions to younger generations. Some common methods include:
1. Oral History and Storytelling: One way to pass down cultural traditions is through oral history and storytelling. This involves sharing stories, legends, and folklore with younger generations to help them understand the importance of these traditions.
2. Celebrations and Festivals: Many cultures have traditional celebrations and festivals that are passed down from generation to generation. These events provide an opportunity for younger generations to learn about their culture’s customs, rituals, and beliefs.
3. Music and Dance: Music and dance are important parts of many cultures, and they often play a significant role in passing down traditions from one generation to the next. Younger members of the community can learn traditional songs and dances from older members, preserving these cultural practices.
4. Family Traditions: Within families, there may be specific customs or rituals that are passed down through the generations. These could include holiday traditions, cooking techniques, or even specific ways of communicating or interacting with others.
5. Mentorship: In some cultures, mentorship is an important way of passing down knowledge and skillsets from older generations to younger ones. This could involve an elder teaching a younger person a craft or trade that is an essential part of their culture.
6. Cultural Education Programs: Some communities have programs in place specifically aimed at educating young people about their cultural heritage. These may include language classes, history lessons, or workshops on traditional crafts or activities.
Overall, it takes a combination of efforts from both individuals within a culture and society as a whole to effectively preserve and pass down cultural traditions to future generations. It is crucial for communities to actively value their culture’s traditions in order for them to continue thriving for years to come.
15. Are there any significant religious structures or temples in the area that hold cultural significance?
Yes, there may be several religious structures or temples in the area that hold cultural significance. It would depend on the specific location and local beliefs and practices. Some examples could include Hindu temples, Buddhist monasteries, Christian churches, or mosques. These structures often serve as important gathering places for worship, rituals, and community events. They can also be architecturally significant and offer insight into the cultural heritage of the area.
16. What are some common customs and traditions observed by people living in Kandy today?
Some common customs and traditions observed by people living in Kandy today are:
1. Buddhist rituals and ceremonies: Kandy is a predominantly Buddhist city, therefore many customs and traditions revolve around Buddhism. People offer prayers at temples, light oil lamps, and participate in religious processions such as the famous Esala Perahera.
2. Celebrations of festivals: The people of Kandy celebrate various festivals throughout the year such as the Sinhala and Tamil New Year, Vesak, and Deepavali. These festivals are marked with traditional rituals, decorations, and special foods.
3. Family values: Family plays an important role in the lives of people in Kandy. Traditional family values are still strong and gatherings with extended family members are common on special occasions.
4. Hospitality: Kandyan people are known for their warm hospitality towards guests. Guests are treated with respect and offered refreshments or meals when visiting someone’s home.
5. Dressing traditions: The traditional dress for women in Kandy is the sari while men wear a sarong and a short-sleeved shirt called the Kabakuruttuwa. These garments are worn for special occasions or religious events.
6. Music and dance: Traditional music and dance forms such as drumming (geta beraya) and dancing (Kanadda) are important cultural elements that are still preserved in Kandy today.
7. Arts and crafts: The city of Kandy is also known for its rich heritage of arts and crafts, specifically handloom textiles, making intricate lacework, wooden carvings, pottery, batik-making, etc.
8. Eating habits: Rice is a staple food in Kandy, eaten with curries made from vegetables or meat dishes. Traditional dishes include hoppers (appa), string hoppers (idiyappam), kottu roti, etc.
9. Observing superstitions: Some people in Kandy still believe in superstitions such as it being bad luck to sweep the house at night, or to leave a broom across the doorway.
10. Agricultural traditions: Many people in Kandy are involved in farming and agriculture, therefore, there are several customs and traditions related to harvesting crops and ceremonies thanking gods for a good harvest.
17. Have certain aspects of Kandyan culture been influenced by neighboring countries?
Yes, certain aspects of Kandyan culture have been influenced by neighboring countries. This can be seen in elements such as food, language, and clothing styles. For example, the Kandyan cuisine has been influenced by Indian and Malay cuisine, with dishes such as roti and curry being prominent. Additionally, the Sinhalese language spoken in Kandy has been influenced by Tamil and Portuguese languages. Cultural practices such as dance and music also show influence from neighboring countries like India.
18. How has technology impacted daily life and rituals for locals living in rural areas around Kandy?
Technology has greatly impacted daily life and rituals for locals living in rural areas around Kandy. With the increase in accessibility to technology, people living in these areas now have access to information, communication, and services that were previously unavailable to them.
One of the major impacts of technology is in the agricultural sector. Farmers can now use modern techniques and equipment such as tractors, irrigation systems, and drones to improve their farming practices and increase their crop yields. This has not only improved their livelihoods but also boosted the economy of these rural areas.
In terms of communication, the advent of mobile phones and internet connectivity has allowed for easier and faster communication among locals. They are now able to stay connected with family and friends who live far away, as well as communicate with others in different parts of the world. This has also opened up opportunities for businesses and markets in rural areas by allowing them to reach a wider audience.
Technology has also had an impact on traditional rituals and practices in these rural communities. Many rituals, ceremonies, and festivals are now being recorded or even broadcasted through social media platforms such as Facebook or YouTube. This enables people who cannot physically attend these events to still be a part of them virtually.
Additionally, access to online educational resources has provided opportunities for locals living in rural areas to gain knowledge and skills that were previously inaccessible. This has led to an increase in literacy rates and an improvement in overall education levels.
However, there are also some negative impacts of technology on daily life in rural Kandy. With easy access to social media platforms, there is a risk of cultural erosion as traditional values may be influenced by Western culture or popular trends.
In conclusion, technology has greatly changed daily life for the locals living in rural areas around Kandy. It has provided new opportunities for economic growth, improved communication, preserved traditional rituals through documentation, and increased access to education. However, it is important for individuals and communities to carefully balance the use of technology to preserve their cultural heritage and maintain a connection with their traditional way of life.
19. What are some common beliefs or superstitions held by people in this region?
Some common beliefs or superstitions held by people in this region may include the belief in luck and karma, the concept of fate or destiny, the power of certain charms or amulets, the presence of ghosts or spirits, and the influence of astrology or horoscopes on daily life. There may also be cultural-specific beliefs and practices related to traditional religions or indigenous cultures. Additionally, there may be superstitious beliefs surrounding specific numbers, colors, animals, or actions that are thought to bring good or bad luck.
20 . In what ways do tourists contribute to the preservation and promotion of local culture in Kandy?
Tourists can contribute to the preservation and promotion of local culture in Kandy in several ways:
1. Economic Support: By visiting cultural sites and participating in traditional activities, tourists bring in revenue that can help support and maintain these cultural assets.
2. Cultural Exchange: Interactions between tourists and locals can create opportunities for cultural exchange, allowing visitors to learn about and appreciate the unique traditions and customs of Kandy.
3. Sharing Knowledge: Tourists can also share their own cultures and traditions with locals, promoting mutual understanding and respect.
4. Supporting Local Crafts: Many tourists are interested in purchasing traditional crafts as souvenirs, which helps support local artisans and keep traditional art forms alive.
5. Participating in Festivals: Tourists may join in on local festivals and celebrations, adding to the vibrancy of the event and supporting local communities.
6. Promoting Awareness: Positive experiences with local culture can motivate tourists to spread awareness about the importance of preserving it through word-of-mouth or through social media platforms.
7. Preservation Efforts: Tourism revenue can also be used towards conservation efforts for historical sites, monuments, and artifacts in Kandy.
8. Supporting Local Businesses: By patronizing local businesses such as restaurants, markets, and accommodations, tourists contribute to the economic sustainability of the community, which in turn supports the preservation of local culture.
9. Education: Some tourists may visit Kandy with a particular interest in learning about its culture through organized tours or educational programs offered by museums or cultural institutions.
10. Respectful Behavior: Lastly, by being respectful of local customs and traditions, tourists can also play a role in preserving Kandy’s rich cultural heritage for generations to come.